Fishing net or the like made of braided plastic filaments



1960 A. G. HERZOG ETAL 2,949,807

FISHING NET OR THE LIKE MADE OF BRAIDED PLASTIC FILAMENTS I Filed Aug.27. 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR5 August Guniher Her-20 Hun:Fr,ied.cr,izh Halthewwr Carl He'nz Reusswer /on/no a/nd. K

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1960 A. e. HERZOG ETAL 2,949,807

FISHING NET OR THE LIKE MADE OF BRAIDED PLASTIC FILAMENTS Filed Aug. 27,1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORB August (nmther Herzog Hans FriedenchKaltheungr Curl He inz. Reussner u /0mm) ATTORNEYS 2,949,807 FISHING NETOR THE LIKE MADE OF BRAIDED PLASTIC FILAMENTS August Giinther Herzog,Ofenerdiek, Oldenburg, Hans- Friedrich Kaltheuner, Hamburg, andCarl-Heinz Reussner, Koln-Mulheim, Germany, assignors of onehalf to saidHerzog and one-half to Farbenfabriken Bayer Aktiengesellschaft,Leverkusen, Germany, a corporation of Germany Filed Aug. 27, 1958,Serial No. 757,626 Claims priority, application Germany Sept. 2, 1957 2Claims. (Cl. 87-8) This invention is directed to an improved netconstruction. In a preferred embodiment it is directed to an improvedfishing net prepared from synthetic resin filaments, for examplepolyamide filaments which have been plaited into a soutache braid, whichmay be further strengthened by the inclusion of reinforcing yarns whichextend longitudinally through the soutache braid.

Hitherto, fishing nets have generally been made of twisted hemp andcotton yarns. These nets are subjected to very strong mechanicalstresses, weather influences and the like, so that they have to berepaired or even re States Patent M placed within a short time. Insteadof these yarns which have a short effective life, synthetic resinfilaments and particularly polyamide filaments have been used for makingnet yarns and nets; these synthetic filaments were originally twisted,but recent developments have resulted in the filaments being braided onround braiding machines to form so-called net yarns. The braided netyarns commercially used are composed of 6, 8, 12, or 16 braidedfilaments; correspondingly round braiding machines having 6, 8, 12, or16 lacers or bobbins are used for this purpose.

The production capacity of such round braiding machines is very low anduneconomic, especially as compared with the machines which producetwisted yarns. The braided net yarns also have a tensile strength whichis but slightly greater than that of twisted yarns. On the other hand,as compared with the twisted yarns, the braided yarns have the specialadvantage that they can be knotted better to form nets, so that thebraided yarns would certainly be preferred if they could be manufacturedmore quickly and more economically than hitherto and if tensile strengthcould be increased without increasing the number of filaments in theyarn (same yarn numbers).

In order to obtain these advantages, it is the object of this inventionto process the synthetic resin filaments on soutache braiders which formsoutache braids having two or three zones of longitudinal ridges wherethe filaments cross over one another. For this purpose, it is possibleto use soutache braiding machines with 3, 5, or 7 spool-carriers, inwhich case the same yarn numbers as were formerly distributed over 6, 8,12, or 16 lacers of a round braiding machine are now used on 3, 5, or 7lacers of a soutache braider. Instead of soutache braiders, it is alsopossible to use braiding machines which produce braids having threelongitudinal ridges, i.e. the so called President braids. Such presidentbraiding machines are, for example, provided with 4 or 5 lacers.

As compared with the round braids formerly employed, such presidentbraids have the advantage that the machines used are considerablycheaper than the round braiding machines because of their design,construction and space requirements as well as operation. Above all, theproduction capacity of such soutache braiders or the like issubstantially higher than that of round braiding machines. The braidproduced thereon is better suited for knotting the nets or the like thanthe round 2,949,807 Patented Aug. 23, I960 braids, and simultaneouslythe tensile strength of such yarns is higher than that of round braidswith the same yarn numbers.

This increased tensile strength is particularly important for the braidsof this invention. It is known that fibers made of polyamide and thelike have their highest tensile strength in the condition in which theyare produced, i.e. with their longitudinal axes disposed in the positionas manufactured. In this condition, a particularly favorable union ororientation of the molecules of the material is obtained. Thisorientation of the molecules is, however, changed if the fibers aredisplaced from the original direction of their longitudinal axis, thechange being greater as the fibers are displaced further from such axis.When material is twisted, it is constantly wound helically around itsneutral axis, so that there is a considerable displacement of molecules.This is also the case with round braids. However, with a soutache braidthe individual fibers of the braid are displaced from their mean axis toa considerably smaller extent than with round braids.

It is clear from this that the essential purpose of a soutache braidplaited from three filaments is only to combine a certain quantity offibers, the number and strength of which are to be chosen according torequirements, in such a way that such a braid can be used, for example,for knotting a net or the like. The result of using this method ofyarn-making is that there is a minimum degree of deviation from thelongitudinal axis of the fibers. This explains why a particularfavorable tensile strength is obtained when braids of synthetic resinfilaments which are processed on a soutache braider or the like areused. Such soutache braids are particularly suitable for use in cases inwhich high mechanical stressing occurs.

Nets made of synthetic resin filaments have the disadvantage that theycannot be treated satisfactorily with impregnating agents, for exampletar, bitumen or the like. In addition to protecting the filaments, thisimpregnation provides the nets with a better feel in the hands of thefisherman. Moreover, for technical reasons which arise in connectionwith fishing, it is also necessary for the net to have a certain degreeof stiffness or rigidity, so that it unfolds correctly when cast anddoes not easily become tangled by the effects of the wind and wavesbecause of lack of resistance. The danger of insufficient unfolding orof entanglement is particularly high with polyamide nets, because thesenets are lighter in weight than nets made of hemp and cotton.

In order to obviate these disadvantages, it is further proposed inconnection with the braids manufactured on soutache braiders to employone or more filler filaments in one or more longitudinal ridges, thesefilaments consisting of any desired natural or synthetic fiber material,preferably of spun glass fibers. Due to the use of these longitudinalinserts, the soutache braided and president net yarns are given aparticularly good feel and rigidity and a somewhat higher weight,whereby the casting of the nets is facilitated.

Various braids in accordance with the invention are shown in Figures 1to 3. Figure 4 shows a section of a net constructed of a soutachebraided yarn.

Figure 1 shows a soutache braid plaited from three polyamide filamentsAl, A2 and A3. This braid contains two filler filaments B1 and B2, whichare made of spun glass fibers. Filaments B1 and B2 are arranged inlongitudinal ridges C1 and C2 respectively which are indicated byinterrupted lines; the tops or highest points of these ridges are spacedat regular intervals and a portion of these are designated by ellipsc T1and T2.

Figure 2 shows a soutache braid plaited from four polyamide filamentsA4, A5, A6, and A7. It is indicated in this embodiment example that, forexample, two filaments made of spun glass fibers B3 are arranged in onelongitudinal ridge C3 of the braid, while a reinforcing filament B4 isarranged in the .other longitudinal ridge C4. A portion of the tops orhighest points of ridges C3 and C4 are indicated by ellipses T3 and T4respectively.

Figure 3 illustrates a president braid plaited from five filaments, i.e.the synthetic resin filaments A8 to All. In this case, three reinforcingfilaments B6 are arranged in one longitudinal ridge C6, while onereinforcing filament B5 or B7 is arranged in each of the other twolongitudinal ridges C5 and C7. A portion of the tops of ridges B5, B6and B7 are indicated by ellipses T5, T6 and T7 respectively.

Figure 4 illustrates a net prepared from one of the soutache braids ofthis invention, e.g. that of Figure 1,

and shows the position of floats 10 between knots 11, '12.

- The invention is, of course, not limited to the embodimentsillustrated and to use in connection with fishing nets. In particular,the lines and ropes used in nets or the like can be made of such braidshaving two or three longitudinal ridges. Furthermore, other nets suchas, for example, camouflage nets and covering nets or lines for otherpurposes can be made of braids in accordance with the invention.

The preferred synthetic resin for the soutache braids is, as previouslystated, of the polyamide type. Examples of this are nylon 66, apolyamide made by condensing hexamethylenediamine with adipic acid;nylon 6, prepared by condensing adipic acid with caprolactam; nylon 610,prepared from hexamethylenediamine and sebasic acid; nylon 7, based oncaprolactam and heptoic or oenanthic acid; nylon 9, a polyamide preparedfrom caprolactam and pelargonic acid; other polyamides of this type arealso known such as those derived from ethylenediamine and dimerizedfatty acids, alkoXy-substituted nylon 66, etc.

What is claimed is: 1. As a new article of manufacture a net constructedof a multi-filament yarn in which the yarn is in the form of a soutachebraid having a plurality of longitudinal ridges, the latter containing areinforcing filament extending longitudinally through the ridges so asto increase the rigidity of the braided yarn, whereby the casting of thenet is facilitated.

2. The net of claim 1 wherein the braided yarn is a polyamide and thereinforcing filament is spun glass.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,775,668 Buhler Sept. 16, 1930 2,001,676 Gastrich May 14, 19352,467,821 Gregg Apr. 19, 1949 2,653,375 Johnson et a1 Sept. 29, 19532,876,671 Hale Mar. 10, 1959 FOREIGN PATENTS 685,623 Great Britain Jan.7, 1953

